In 45 B.C. Julius Caesar ordered a calendar to be based on a solar year. So named after him, the Julian calendar started on 1 January and consisted of 365 days for three years and 366 days for one year just as it is today. The Roman Empire fell in the 5th century and due to religious christian fervour following festivals’ dates, the new year went back to what it had once been starting from 25th March. By the middle ages it became clear that the Julian calendar with its leap-year formula had over compensated by one day every 128 years. It ignored this until 1582 when seasonal equinoxes were…